New neighbours: Relocation of Pine Martens

This plan has been in the works for some time now but the news is out and it's official, Pine Martens are being relocated to Wales! Pine Martens which are Britain's second rarest carnivore after the Scottish Wildcat, these smiley creatures have been absent from Wales for decades and now after the £1.2m pine marten recovery project conducted by the Vincent Wildlife Trust, these creatures will be gracing us with their present once more.
To give you an idea of the sheer pleasure it is to have Pine Martens in Wales, at current, there is no known population size in Wales because of how rare these creatures are to us! 20 Pine Martens are uprooting themselves and taking a journey down to Mid-Wales in the Autumn to be re-homed with a possibility of a further 20 being introduced in 2016, the population will hopefully be self-sufficient and hoping to make the move to other forests in Wales and then across the border into England, it's the least we can do after that devastating loss in Twickenham last week.. 

With the success of the reintroduction of the Red Kite in Wales, which is now booming! Scientists and like-minded people are hoping this relocation project of Pine Martens will bring the same amount of success and help with our wildlife tourism, after all almost everyone in Britain has been to Gigrin Farm or places of similar nature, right?! Most people do travel to Scotland to get a glimpse of this fury character, so why not make a shorter journey to Wales? Below is a Fact File off the BBC website, with credit to Getty Images, conservationist and naturalists absolutely lost their minds when a pine marten was found dead in 2012 in Powys. Okay, yeah it's not the start to a Disney like story but this proved that there were Martens in Wales and in Powys to be exact and this was the first confirmed sighting in decades and the first carcass for 50 years!

Vincent Wildlife Trust are currently looking for suitable sites across Mid-Wales to relocate the 20 Pine Martens. Ideal areas would have woodland habitat, few roads and no shooting aswell as a low fox population as their main predators are foxes and golden eagles.. I think we're okay with the golden eagle situation.. Surveys carried out suggests that there could be atleast 4,000 Pine Martens in Scotland! 

Having these cheeky chaps in Wales, will be an absolute delight! My personal opinion is that there is clearly a need to introduce this species elsewhere, with 4,000 in Scotland there is a risk of families becoming inbred but separating the genes and moving them around could well help the species to survive longer. Even with 4,000 it is still a highly threatened species since they cannot just live in Scotland alone, relocation is an ideal way to mix-genes, a species thriving in one location does not been it is stable, there is next-to-no pine martens well none that anybody knows of, in England and Wales which makes it ideal locations for these to be relocated to. It's not as if they are location thousands of Pine Martens to Wales, 20 will be relocated and they can begin to populate and hopefully gain in numbers. The people of Vincent Wildlife Trust have years of experience of bringing species back from the brink, for example the otter and water vole, both of which everyone loves to watch but with personal experience of surveying Water Voles it's clear to see that they do an amazing job and there is not water voles swarming people's homes, there is a gentle increase in the population but the way these species are, they're elusive meaning there is still a thrill to be able to catch a glimpse of any of these species. I will definitely be one of the first people taking the (very small) journey from my home to Mid-Wales in the hopes of seeing a Pine Marten in my home country. 

The wonders of bats

My favourite event of the year happens in both March and September at WWT Llanelli, this has to be the Bat Walks! Generally, they are filled up pretty quick and the night consists of crafts beforehand for the children to make themselves souvenirs to remember their experience, this is followed by the walk itself which is usually about an hour long to cover both sides of the centre, which is followed by everyone's favourite; hot drinks and biscuits!
I love bats, mainly because of the science behind them and how advanced they are and how they've adapted to living. It amazed me as a child that there were mammals that could fly! At this age it sounds silly, but as a 7 year old I assume I was thinking of some kind of flying pig or something, that was until I got some books and started to read about mammals and what they are capable of.

The bats we generally get at WWT Llanelli are Noctules, Common Pipistrelles and Soprano Pipistrelles. These species range from 25kHz (Noctule) to 55kHz (Pipistrelles) although it's easier to keep it on 50kHz so the children don't fiddle with the dial and can pick up both species making it more enjoyable. My job, is to be an educator of wildlife so bat walks are perfect for me since I can pass my love of bats across to a younger audience and hopefully encourage people to do more for bats and make them enjoyable, doing craft activities really helps to do this! We then divide the group of 52 into two groups, we group families with under 5s into one group meaning I have the flexibility to judge whether their little legs are struggling with an hour walk and go easier places or turn back for toilet breaks. We have three children's bat detectors and one expert one which Matt had the pleasure of using, I have my own so used that. Once outside, we headed down towards the Bewick swans since there's a good amount of tall trees which they usually like, this choice resulted in the group seeing some Pipistrelles flying around at dusk so the little one's could watch them aswell as here their little chipper coming through their detectors. 

After spending some time at the pond, we headed down towards to Yard and watched the Pipistelle's come out of their roost and fly above our heads which the children absolutely loved! This is why I love my job, I used to be a shy person with major anxiety (I cried on my first day..) and now I realise how far I've come in just a year, I can now lead walks and talk to the public without getting nervous twitches or having hot flusters, it helps that my job is to educate people, mainly children and a love and passion of mine. The next place to visit on our list, was to the reserve side and down towards Heron's Wing hide where they have rumoured to roost again meaning we have a great population going! This is where the naturalist side of a person really shines through since it's not just bats that like the hide, spiders are rather fond of it aswell meaning the bat poo gets stuck in the webs, which makes it easier for me to find some and pull it out to show everything. Fun fact about bat poo: It's my favourite poo because they usually eat midges and the occasional small insect meaning their poo gets the crushed up shell's in it, which makes it look sparkly! I have to say, the group I had were an absolute pleasure, I didn't have to tell any of them to stick by me (their still with their parents but a girl with a beeping machine and a massive torch is always a better attraction for some reason..), they asked questions and the ages I had were between 2-5 for the children and some very sensible answers came out, questions such as do the bats all live together or do they have their own homes? To you or I, as mature people the question seems rather silly, but for a 3 year old to be wondering about communal roosting is amazing!

Image credit to John Lewis, WWT Llanelli Volunteer Photographer.

Spotting the signs: Water Voles

Recently, I've been helping on the Reserve team at WWT Llanelli to carry out surveys on the land. One of the surveys was that of Water Voles to compare with previous data to see how the population is doing giving that the land has had some work done to it. Nothing says fun like wading through thick mud with water up to your waist and a crowd of people in a hide or walking past wondering what on earth you are doing! We had a briefing before we set out to remind ourselves what evidence we were looking for and be able to link it to Water Voles and nothing other species which find their way onto the land such as rats. The habitat you are generally looking for is near water and plenty of hiding places. River, pond and stream bank are a good place to start and make sure to get your face stuck into the reeds or vegetation and search the banks for signs, well-shaded areas are a bit hit-and-miss but worth checking anyway. 

Some basic kit you will need:

• Safety goggles - Heath and safety! If you are shoving your face in reeds then goggles are vital since you don't want to tell your friends you were blinded by a piece of tall grass..
• Clip board and recording sheets- self-explanatory really.
• A trusty stick to separate the reeds whilst you look.
• GPS finder if you have one if not the site code and a map will suffice.
• Basic knowledge or help sheets to help with identifying signs, remember it could be something else not just a Water Vole!
• And for the squeamish, rubber gloves for playing with latrines..

First up:

Latrine

If you don't know what Latrine is, let me enlighten you. Latrine is just another word for poop. Water Vole latrine is usually a light brown, or brown colour depending on how fresh it is, if you give it a squeeze you will find vegetation within. Water Vole's will leave their latrine by burrows, runs or next to feeding remains but they can turn up anywhere! The easiest way to describe the size of it is that its about the size of your little finger nail so not very big but they are like tic-tac shapes, if they are pointed on the ends then you may have some rat latrine. 

Feeding Remains

Feeding remains are normally the easiest way to identify water vole activity, they eat their plants at a 45 degree angle by chewing the top with the corner of their mouth. They'll create a feeding remains pile in deep vegetation or their favourite spot to eat but, they can leave piles outside of burrows so if a pile is close to a bank its worth having a look for a burrow. Speaking of burrows..

Burrows

Water vole burrows are quite hard to spot because of their size! The image above gives you a general idea of the size that you are looking for, the size can vary though so generally look for a hole that about the size of the hole when you put your thumb and middle finger together. With burrows, if you put your finger inside and can't feel the end then you have an actual burrows, if you can feel the end then you have an attempted burrows and should record it separately on your sheet, if your finger goes right the way through then you have yourself a water vole run, These are used to get through thick vegetation via the bank instead of swimming around. 

Footprints

Footprints are extremely hard to come by but you may be lucky! Because Water Voles tend to use vegetation or swim then you don't usually find any but always worth looking. If you imagine the size of a Water Vole and the image above gives you a general idea of the size of the print, the front paw and the hind paw are different with the front looking almost hand like and very spread out with only four toes and the hind paw is like a hand again with five toes and a longer part of the back. It's always worth looking for other footprints around and note them down on your survey since that could have an impact on your Water Vole population.  

                                                            

Activity idea for children: I always get my pre-school group to have a look around for prints and a fun thing to do is to make a plaster-cast of it for them to keep. If you don't have any children then you can still make a plaster cast of the print for future reference but it's a novelty piece for your home anyway!